Revealing the Micro-scale Signature of Endemic Zoonotic Disease Transmission in an African Urban Setting
Identifieur interne : 001799 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001798; suivant : 001800Revealing the Micro-scale Signature of Endemic Zoonotic Disease Transmission in an African Urban Setting
Auteurs : Hervé Bourhy [France] ; Emmanuel Nakouné [République centrafricaine] ; Matthew Hall [Royaume-Uni] ; Pierre Nouvellet [Royaume-Uni] ; Anthony Lepelletier [France] ; Chiraz Talbi [France] ; Laurence Watier [France] ; Edward C. Holmes [Australie] ; Simon Cauchemez [Royaume-Uni, France] ; Philippe Lemey [Belgique] ; Christl A. Donnelly [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrew Rambaut [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS Pathogens [ 1553-7366 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Chiens, Humains, Maladies des chiens (virologie), Phylogénie, Population urbaine, Rage (maladie) (médecine vétérinaire), Rage (maladie) (transmission), République centrafricaine, Transmission de maladie infectieuse (médecine vétérinaire), Virus de la rage (génétique), Zoonoses (transmission), Zoonoses (virologie).
- MESH :
- génétique : Virus de la rage.
- médecine vétérinaire : Rage (maladie), Transmission de maladie infectieuse.
- virologie : Maladies des chiens, Zoonoses.
- Animaux, Chiens, Humains, Phylogénie, Population urbaine, Rage (maladie), République centrafricaine, Zoonoses.
- Wicri :
- geographic : République centrafricaine.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Central African Republic.
- genetics : Rabies virus.
- transmission : Rabies, Zoonoses.
- veterinary : Disease Transmission, Infectious, Rabies.
- virology : Dog Diseases, Zoonoses.
- Animals, Dogs, Humans, Phylogeny, Urban Population.
Abstract
The development of novel approaches that combine epidemiological and genomic data provides new opportunities to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of infectious diseases and determine the processes responsible for their spread and maintenance. Taking advantage of detailed epidemiological time series and viral sequence data from more than 20 years reported by the National Reference Centre for Rabies of Bangui, the capital city of Central African Republic, we used a combination of mathematical modeling and phylogenetic analysis to determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of rabies in domestic dogs as well as the frequency of extinction and introduction events in an African city. We show that although dog rabies virus (RABV) appears to be endemic in Bangui, its epidemiology is in fact shaped by the regular extinction of local chains of transmission coupled with the introduction of new lineages, generating successive waves of spread. Notably, the effective reproduction number during each wave was rarely above the critical value of 1, such that rabies is not self-sustaining in Bangui. In turn, this suggests that rabies at local geographic scales is driven by human-mediated dispersal of RABV among sparsely connected peri-urban and rural areas as opposed to dispersion in a relatively large homogenous urban dog population. This combined epidemiological and genomic approach enables development of a comprehensive framework for understanding disease persistence and informing control measures, indicating that control measures are probably best targeted towards areas neighbouring the city that appear as the source of frequent incursions seeding outbreaks in Bangui.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005525
PubMed: 27058957
PubMed Central: 4825935
Affiliations:
- Australie, Belgique, France, Royaume-Uni, République centrafricaine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Maryland, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Écosse, Île-de-France
- Londres, Paris, Sydney, Versailles, Édimbourg
- Université d'Édimbourg
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 002C43
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 002A93
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000633
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 002035
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 002010
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 002010
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 003382
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 003382
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 003382
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 001794
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001799
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Revealing the Micro-scale Signature of Endemic Zoonotic Disease Transmission in an African Urban Setting</title><author><name sortKey="Bourhy, Herve" sort="Bourhy, Herve" uniqKey="Bourhy H" first="Hervé" last="Bourhy">Hervé Bourhy</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakoune, Emmanuel" sort="Nakoune, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Nakoune E" first="Emmanuel" last="Nakouné">Emmanuel Nakouné</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République centrafricaine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangui</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Matthew" sort="Hall, Matthew" uniqKey="Hall M" first="Matthew" last="Hall">Matthew Hall</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nouvellet, Pierre" sort="Nouvellet, Pierre" uniqKey="Nouvellet P" first="Pierre" last="Nouvellet">Pierre Nouvellet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepelletier, Anthony" sort="Lepelletier, Anthony" uniqKey="Lepelletier A" first="Anthony" last="Lepelletier">Anthony Lepelletier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talbi, Chiraz" sort="Talbi, Chiraz" uniqKey="Talbi C" first="Chiraz" last="Talbi">Chiraz Talbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watier, Laurence" sort="Watier, Laurence" uniqKey="Watier L" first="Laurence" last="Watier">Laurence Watier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>INSERM, UMR 1181 and Institut Pasteur, B2PHI, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, UMR 1181 and Institut Pasteur, B2PHI, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Faculté de Médecine Paris Ile de France-Ouest, Université de Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculté de Médecine Paris Ile de France-Ouest, Université de Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Versailles</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Edward C" sort="Holmes, Edward C" uniqKey="Holmes E" first="Edward C." last="Holmes">Edward C. Holmes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemey, Philippe" sort="Lemey, Philippe" uniqKey="Lemey P" first="Philippe" last="Lemey">Philippe Lemey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Christl A" sort="Donnelly, Christl A" uniqKey="Donnelly C" first="Christl A." last="Donnelly">Christl A. Donnelly</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27058957</idno><idno type="pmc">4825935</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4825935</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4825935</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.ppat.1005525</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002C43</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002C43</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002A93</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002A93</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000633</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000633</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002035</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002035</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002010</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002010</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002010</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002010</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003382</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003382</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003382</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1553-7366:2016:Bourhy H:revealing:the:micro</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001794</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001799</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001799</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Revealing the Micro-scale Signature of Endemic Zoonotic Disease Transmission in an African Urban Setting</title><author><name sortKey="Bourhy, Herve" sort="Bourhy, Herve" uniqKey="Bourhy H" first="Hervé" last="Bourhy">Hervé Bourhy</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakoune, Emmanuel" sort="Nakoune, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Nakoune E" first="Emmanuel" last="Nakouné">Emmanuel Nakouné</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République centrafricaine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangui</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Matthew" sort="Hall, Matthew" uniqKey="Hall M" first="Matthew" last="Hall">Matthew Hall</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nouvellet, Pierre" sort="Nouvellet, Pierre" uniqKey="Nouvellet P" first="Pierre" last="Nouvellet">Pierre Nouvellet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lepelletier, Anthony" sort="Lepelletier, Anthony" uniqKey="Lepelletier A" first="Anthony" last="Lepelletier">Anthony Lepelletier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talbi, Chiraz" sort="Talbi, Chiraz" uniqKey="Talbi C" first="Chiraz" last="Talbi">Chiraz Talbi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Unit Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watier, Laurence" sort="Watier, Laurence" uniqKey="Watier L" first="Laurence" last="Watier">Laurence Watier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>INSERM, UMR 1181 and Institut Pasteur, B2PHI, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, UMR 1181 and Institut Pasteur, B2PHI, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Faculté de Médecine Paris Ile de France-Ouest, Université de Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculté de Médecine Paris Ile de France-Ouest, Université de Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Versailles</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Edward C" sort="Holmes, Edward C" uniqKey="Holmes E" first="Edward C." last="Holmes">Edward C. Holmes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemey, Philippe" sort="Lemey, Philippe" uniqKey="Lemey P" first="Philippe" last="Lemey">Philippe Lemey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff010"><addr-line>Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Christl A" sort="Donnelly, Christl A" uniqKey="Donnelly C" first="Christl A." last="Donnelly">Christl A. Donnelly</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff011"><addr-line>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Pathogens</title><idno type="ISSN">1553-7366</idno><idno type="eISSN">1553-7374</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Central African Republic</term><term>Disease Transmission, Infectious (veterinary)</term><term>Dog Diseases (virology)</term><term>Dogs</term><term>Humans</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Rabies (transmission)</term><term>Rabies (veterinary)</term><term>Rabies virus (genetics)</term><term>Urban Population</term><term>Zoonoses (transmission)</term><term>Zoonoses (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Chiens</term><term>Humains</term><term>Maladies des chiens (virologie)</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Population urbaine</term><term>Rage (maladie) (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Rage (maladie) (transmission)</term><term>République centrafricaine</term><term>Transmission de maladie infectieuse (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Virus de la rage (génétique)</term><term>Zoonoses (transmission)</term><term>Zoonoses (virologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Central African Republic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Rabies virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Virus de la rage</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Rage (maladie)</term><term>Transmission de maladie infectieuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Rabies</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Transmission, Infectious</term><term>Rabies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des chiens</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Dog Diseases</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Dogs</term><term>Humans</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Urban Population</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Chiens</term><term>Humains</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Population urbaine</term><term>Rage (maladie)</term><term>République centrafricaine</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>République centrafricaine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The development of novel approaches that combine epidemiological and genomic data provides new opportunities to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of infectious diseases and determine the processes responsible for their spread and maintenance. Taking advantage of detailed epidemiological time series and viral sequence data from more than 20 years reported by the National Reference Centre for Rabies of Bangui, the capital city of Central African Republic, we used a combination of mathematical modeling and phylogenetic analysis to determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of rabies in domestic dogs as well as the frequency of extinction and introduction events in an African city. We show that although dog rabies virus (RABV) appears to be endemic in Bangui, its epidemiology is in fact shaped by the regular extinction of local chains of transmission coupled with the introduction of new lineages, generating successive waves of spread. Notably, the effective reproduction number during each wave was rarely above the critical value of 1, such that rabies is not self-sustaining in Bangui. In turn, this suggests that rabies at local geographic scales is driven by human-mediated dispersal of RABV among sparsely connected peri-urban and rural areas as opposed to dispersion in a relatively large homogenous urban dog population. This combined epidemiological and genomic approach enables development of a comprehensive framework for understanding disease persistence and informing control measures, indicating that control measures are probably best targeted towards areas neighbouring the city that appear as the source of frequent incursions seeding outbreaks in Bangui.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brunker, K" uniqKey="Brunker K">K Brunker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horton, Dl" uniqKey="Horton D">DL Horton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biek, R" uniqKey="Biek R">R Biek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coudeville, L" uniqKey="Coudeville L">L Coudeville</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lembo, T" uniqKey="Lembo T">T Lembo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sambo, M" uniqKey="Sambo M">M Sambo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kieffer, A" uniqKey="Kieffer A">A Kieffer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dodet, B" uniqKey="Dodet B">B Dodet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Africa Rabies, B" uniqKey="Africa Rabies B">B Africa Rabies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lembo, T" uniqKey="Lembo T">T Lembo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Partners For Rabies, P" uniqKey="Partners For Rabies P">P Partners for Rabies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Rm" uniqKey="Anderson R">RM Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, Hc" uniqKey="Jackson H">HC Jackson</name></author><author><name sortKey="May, Rm" uniqKey="May R">RM May</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Am" uniqKey="Smith A">AM Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Russell, Ca" uniqKey="Russell C">CA Russell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Dl" uniqKey="Smith D">DL Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waller, La" uniqKey="Waller L">LA Waller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Childs, Je" uniqKey="Childs J">JE Childs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Real, La" uniqKey="Real L">LA Real</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dushoff, J" uniqKey="Dushoff J">J Dushoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bingham, J" uniqKey="Bingham J">J Bingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruckner, G" uniqKey="Bruckner G">G Bruckner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Yh" uniqKey="Ali Y">YH Ali</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dushoff, J" uniqKey="Dushoff J">J Dushoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleaveland, S" uniqKey="Cleaveland S">S Cleaveland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haydon, Dt" uniqKey="Haydon D">DT Haydon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaare, M" uniqKey="Kaare M">M Kaare</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Talbi, C" uniqKey="Talbi C">C Talbi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lemey, P" uniqKey="Lemey P">P Lemey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suchard, Ma" uniqKey="Suchard M">MA Suchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdelatif, E" uniqKey="Abdelatif E">E Abdelatif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elharrak, M" uniqKey="Elharrak M">M Elharrak</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zinsstag, J" uniqKey="Zinsstag J">J Zinsstag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durr, S" uniqKey="Durr S">S Durr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penny, Ma" uniqKey="Penny M">MA Penny</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mindekem, R" uniqKey="Mindekem R">R Mindekem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roth, F" uniqKey="Roth F">F Roth</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beyer, Hl" uniqKey="Beyer H">HL Beyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lembo, T" uniqKey="Lembo T">T Lembo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleaveland, S" uniqKey="Cleaveland S">S Cleaveland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaare, M" uniqKey="Kaare M">M Kaare</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beyer, Hl" uniqKey="Beyer H">HL Beyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lembo, T" uniqKey="Lembo T">T Lembo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleaveland, S" uniqKey="Cleaveland S">S Cleaveland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaare, M" uniqKey="Kaare M">M Kaare</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Durr, S" uniqKey="Durr S">S Durr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naissengar, S" uniqKey="Naissengar S">S Naissengar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mindekem, R" uniqKey="Mindekem R">R Mindekem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diguimbye, C" uniqKey="Diguimbye C">C Diguimbye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niezgoda, M" uniqKey="Niezgoda M">M Niezgoda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kissi, B" uniqKey="Kissi B">B Kissi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tordo, N" uniqKey="Tordo N">N Tordo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourhy, H" uniqKey="Bourhy H">H Bourhy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Talbi, C" uniqKey="Talbi C">C Talbi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Ec" uniqKey="Holmes E">EC Holmes</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Benedictis, P" uniqKey="De Benedictis P">P de Benedictis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faye, O" uniqKey="Faye O">O Faye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakoune, E" uniqKey="Nakoune E">E Nakoune</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drummond, Aj" uniqKey="Drummond A">AJ Drummond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suchard, Ma" uniqKey="Suchard M">MA Suchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, D" uniqKey="Xie D">D Xie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A Rambaut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourhy, H" uniqKey="Bourhy H">H Bourhy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reynes, Jm" uniqKey="Reynes J">JM Reynes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunham, Ej" uniqKey="Dunham E">EJ Dunham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dacheux, L" uniqKey="Dacheux L">L Dacheux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larrous, F" uniqKey="Larrous F">F Larrous</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cori, A" uniqKey="Cori A">A Cori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Nm" uniqKey="Ferguson N">NM Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, S" uniqKey="Cauchemez S">S Cauchemez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blumberg, S" uniqKey="Blumberg S">S Blumberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lloyd Smith, Jo" uniqKey="Lloyd Smith J">JO Lloyd-Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garske, T" uniqKey="Garske T">T Garske</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rhodes, Cj" uniqKey="Rhodes C">CJ Rhodes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lemey, P" uniqKey="Lemey P">P Lemey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A Rambaut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drummond, Aj" uniqKey="Drummond A">AJ Drummond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suchard, Ma" uniqKey="Suchard M">MA Suchard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lemey, P" uniqKey="Lemey P">P Lemey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A Rambaut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Welch, Jj" uniqKey="Welch J">JJ Welch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suchard, Ma" uniqKey="Suchard M">MA Suchard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haydon, Dt" uniqKey="Haydon D">DT Haydon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleaveland, S" uniqKey="Cleaveland S">S Cleaveland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Lh" uniqKey="Taylor L">LH Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laurenson, Mk" uniqKey="Laurenson M">MK Laurenson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grassly, Nc" uniqKey="Grassly N">NC Grassly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jombart, T" uniqKey="Jombart T">T Jombart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cori, A" uniqKey="Cori A">A Cori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Didelot, X" uniqKey="Didelot X">X Didelot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, S" uniqKey="Cauchemez S">S Cauchemez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mollentze, N" uniqKey="Mollentze N">N Mollentze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nel, Lh" uniqKey="Nel L">LH Nel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Townsend, S" uniqKey="Townsend S">S Townsend</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Roux, K" uniqKey="Le Roux K">K le Roux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mollentze, N" uniqKey="Mollentze N">N Mollentze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weyer, J" uniqKey="Weyer J">J Weyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Markotter, W" uniqKey="Markotter W">W Markotter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Roux, K" uniqKey="Le Roux K">K le Roux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nel, Lh" uniqKey="Nel L">LH Nel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morelli, Mj" uniqKey="Morelli M">MJ Morelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thebaud, G" uniqKey="Thebaud G">G Thebaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chadoeuf, J" uniqKey="Chadoeuf J">J Chadoeuf</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Dp" uniqKey="King D">DP King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haydon, Dt" uniqKey="Haydon D">DT Haydon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ypma, Rj" uniqKey="Ypma R">RJ Ypma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bataille, Am" uniqKey="Bataille A">AM Bataille</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stegeman, A" uniqKey="Stegeman A">A Stegeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koch, G" uniqKey="Koch G">G Koch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wallinga, J" uniqKey="Wallinga J">J Wallinga</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gerardo Giorda, L" uniqKey="Gerardo Giorda L">L Gerardo-Giorda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Puggioni, G" uniqKey="Puggioni G">G Puggioni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rudd, Rj" uniqKey="Rudd R">RJ Rudd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waller, La" uniqKey="Waller L">LA Waller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Real, La" uniqKey="Real L">LA Real</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morters, Mk" uniqKey="Morters M">MK Morters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Restif, O" uniqKey="Restif O">O Restif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hampson, K" uniqKey="Hampson K">K Hampson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleaveland, S" uniqKey="Cleaveland S">S Cleaveland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Jl" uniqKey="Wood J">JL Wood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grenfell, B" uniqKey="Grenfell B">B Grenfell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harwood, J" uniqKey="Harwood J">J Harwood</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grenfell, Bt" uniqKey="Grenfell B">BT Grenfell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bjornstad, On" uniqKey="Bjornstad O">ON Bjornstad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kappey, J" uniqKey="Kappey J">J Kappey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Viana, M" uniqKey="Viana M">M Viana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mancy, R" uniqKey="Mancy R">R Mancy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biek, R" uniqKey="Biek R">R Biek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cleaveland, S" uniqKey="Cleaveland S">S Cleaveland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cross, Pc" uniqKey="Cross P">PC Cross</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gunning, Ce" uniqKey="Gunning C">CE Gunning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wearing, Hj" uniqKey="Wearing H">HJ Wearing</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hanski, I" uniqKey="Hanski I">I Hanski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moilanen, A" uniqKey="Moilanen A">A Moilanen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gylenberg, M" uniqKey="Gylenberg M">M Gylenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakoune, E" uniqKey="Nakoune E">E Nakoune</name></author><author><name sortKey="Digol, M" uniqKey="Digol M">M Digol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konamna, X" uniqKey="Konamna X">X Konamna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Selekon, B" uniqKey="Selekon B">B Selekon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Faou, A" uniqKey="Le Faou A">A Le Faou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dacheux, L" uniqKey="Dacheux L">L Dacheux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reynes, Jm" uniqKey="Reynes J">JM Reynes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buchy, P" uniqKey="Buchy P">P Buchy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sivuth, O" uniqKey="Sivuth O">O Sivuth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diop, Bm" uniqKey="Diop B">BM Diop</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chatfield, C" uniqKey="Chatfield C">C Chatfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andrieu, C" uniqKey="Andrieu C">C Andrieu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Doucet, A" uniqKey="Doucet A">A Doucet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holenstein, R" uniqKey="Holenstein R">R Holenstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ionides, El" uniqKey="Ionides E">EL Ionides</name></author><author><name sortKey="Breto, C" uniqKey="Breto C">C Breto</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Aa" uniqKey="King A">AA King</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Da" uniqKey="Rasmussen D">DA Rasmussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ratmann, O" uniqKey="Ratmann O">O Ratmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koelle, K" uniqKey="Koelle K">K Koelle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Nm" uniqKey="Ferguson N">NM Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, C" uniqKey="Fraser C">C Fraser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Ca" uniqKey="Donnelly C">CA Donnelly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghani, Ac" uniqKey="Ghani A">AC Ghani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, Rm" uniqKey="Anderson R">RM Anderson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Delmas, O" uniqKey="Delmas O">O Delmas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Ec" uniqKey="Holmes E">EC Holmes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Talbi, C" uniqKey="Talbi C">C Talbi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larrous, F" uniqKey="Larrous F">F Larrous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dacheux, L" uniqKey="Dacheux L">L Dacheux</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Edgar, Rc" uniqKey="Edgar R">RC Edgar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stamatakis, A" uniqKey="Stamatakis A">A Stamatakis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hasegawa, M" uniqKey="Hasegawa M">M Hasegawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kishino, H" uniqKey="Kishino H">H Kishino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yano, T" uniqKey="Yano T">T Yano</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, B" uniqKey="Shapiro B">B Shapiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A Rambaut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drummond, Aj" uniqKey="Drummond A">AJ Drummond</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drummond, Aj" uniqKey="Drummond A">AJ Drummond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Sy" uniqKey="Ho S">SY Ho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Mj" uniqKey="Phillips M">MJ Phillips</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A Rambaut</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Minin, Vn" uniqKey="Minin V">VN Minin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bloomquist, Ew" uniqKey="Bloomquist E">EW Bloomquist</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suchard, Ma" uniqKey="Suchard M">MA Suchard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bielejec, F" uniqKey="Bielejec F">F Bielejec</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, A" uniqKey="Rambaut A">A Rambaut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suchard, Ma" uniqKey="Suchard M">MA Suchard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lemey, P" uniqKey="Lemey P">P Lemey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République centrafricaine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Écosse</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Paris</li><li>Sydney</li><li>Versailles</li><li>Édimbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Bourhy, Herve" sort="Bourhy, Herve" uniqKey="Bourhy H" first="Hervé" last="Bourhy">Hervé Bourhy</name></region><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><name sortKey="Lepelletier, Anthony" sort="Lepelletier, Anthony" uniqKey="Lepelletier A" first="Anthony" last="Lepelletier">Anthony Lepelletier</name><name sortKey="Talbi, Chiraz" sort="Talbi, Chiraz" uniqKey="Talbi C" first="Chiraz" last="Talbi">Chiraz Talbi</name><name sortKey="Watier, Laurence" sort="Watier, Laurence" uniqKey="Watier L" first="Laurence" last="Watier">Laurence Watier</name><name sortKey="Watier, Laurence" sort="Watier, Laurence" uniqKey="Watier L" first="Laurence" last="Watier">Laurence Watier</name></country><country name="République centrafricaine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nakoune, Emmanuel" sort="Nakoune, Emmanuel" uniqKey="Nakoune E" first="Emmanuel" last="Nakouné">Emmanuel Nakouné</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Écosse"><name sortKey="Hall, Matthew" sort="Hall, Matthew" uniqKey="Hall M" first="Matthew" last="Hall">Matthew Hall</name></region><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><name sortKey="Donnelly, Christl A" sort="Donnelly, Christl A" uniqKey="Donnelly C" first="Christl A." last="Donnelly">Christl A. Donnelly</name><name sortKey="Donnelly, Christl A" sort="Donnelly, Christl A" uniqKey="Donnelly C" first="Christl A." last="Donnelly">Christl A. Donnelly</name><name sortKey="Hall, Matthew" sort="Hall, Matthew" uniqKey="Hall M" first="Matthew" last="Hall">Matthew Hall</name><name sortKey="Nouvellet, Pierre" sort="Nouvellet, Pierre" uniqKey="Nouvellet P" first="Pierre" last="Nouvellet">Pierre Nouvellet</name><name sortKey="Nouvellet, Pierre" sort="Nouvellet, Pierre" uniqKey="Nouvellet P" first="Pierre" last="Nouvellet">Pierre Nouvellet</name><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Holmes, Edward C" sort="Holmes, Edward C" uniqKey="Holmes E" first="Edward C." last="Holmes">Edward C. Holmes</name></region></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lemey, Philippe" sort="Lemey, Philippe" uniqKey="Lemey P" first="Philippe" last="Lemey">Philippe Lemey</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Maryland"><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001799 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001799 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4825935
|texte= Revealing the Micro-scale Signature of Endemic Zoonotic Disease Transmission in an African Urban Setting
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27058957" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |